Learning objectives

After completing Chapter V, students should be able to:

1. Define anabolism and distinguish it from catabolism.
2. Explain how microorganisms synthesize macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides) from simpler precursors.
3. Describe the biosynthesis of amino acids and their role in protein production.
4. Explain nucleotide and nucleic acid biosynthesis pathways.
5. Describe lipid biosynthesis and its importance in membrane formation.
6. Understand the synthesis of polysaccharides and their role in cell walls and extracellular matrices.
7. Explain how energy and reducing power (ATP, NADPH) are used in anabolic reactions.
8. Relate anabolism to biomass production and microbial growth.
9. Discuss how microorganisms regulate anabolic pathways depending on nutrient availability.
10. Apply knowledge of anabolism to real-world examples such as industrial microbiology and biotechnology.